ASPCA is founded
On April 10 1866 the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by philanthropist and diplomat Henry Bergh 54.In 1863 Bergh had been appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to a diplomatic post at the Russian court of Czar Alexander II.It was there that he was horrified to witness work horses beaten by their peasant drivers.En route back to America a June 1865 visit to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in London awakened his determination to secure a charter not only to incorporate the ASPCA but to exercise the power to arrest and prosecute violators of the law.Back in New York Bergh pleaded on behalf of these mute servants of mankind at a February 8 1866 meeting at Clinton Hall.
He argued that protecting animals was an issue that crossed party lines and class boundaries.This is a matter purely of conscience it has no perplexing side issues he said.It is a moral question in all its aspects.
The speech prompted a number of dignitaries to sign his Declaration of the Rights of Animals.Berghs impassioned accounts of the horrors inflicted on animals convinced the New York State legislature to pass the charter incorporating the ASPCA on April 10 1866.Nine days later the first effective anti-cruelty law in the United States was passed allowing the ASPCA to investigate complaints of animal cruelty and to make arrests.Bergh was a hands-on reformer becoming a familiar sight on the streets and in the courtrooms of New York.He regularly inspected slaughter houses worked with police to close down dog- and rat-fighting pits and lectured in schools and to adult societies.
In 1867 the ASPCA established and operated the nations first ambulance for horses.As the pioneer and innovator of the humane movement the ASPCA quickly became the model for more than 25 other humane organizations in the United States and Canada.And by the time Bergh died in 1888 37 of the 38 states in the Union had passed anti-cruelty laws.Berghs dramatic street rescues of mistreated horses and livestock served as a model for those trying to protect abused children.After Mary Ellen McCormack 9 was found tied to a bed and brutally beaten by her foster parents in 1874 activists founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
Bergh served as one of the groups first vice presidents.
