Mark Twain receives steamboat pilot’s license
On this day in 1859 a 23-year-old Missouri youth named Samuel Langhorne Clemens receives his steamboat pilots license.Clemens had signed on as a pilots apprentice in 1857 while on his way to Mississippi.He had been commissioned to write a series of comic travel letters for the Keokuk Daily Post but after writing five decided hed rather be a pilot than a writer.He piloted his own boats for two years until the Civil War halted steamboat traffic.
During his time as a pilot he picked up the term Mark Twain a boatmans call noting that the river was only two fathoms deep the minimum depth for safe navigation.When Clemens returned to writing in 1861 working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise he wrote a humorous travel letter signed by Mark Twain and continued to use the pseudonym for nearly 50 years.Clemens was born in Hannibal Missouri and was apprenticed to a printer at age 13.He later worked for his older brother who established the Hannibal Journal.
In 1864 he moved to San Francisco to work as a reporter.There he wrote the story that made him famous The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.In 1866 he traveled to Hawaii as a correspondent for the Sacramento Union.Next he traveled the world writing accounts for papers in California and New York which he later published as the popular book The Innocents Abroad (1869).
In 1870 Clemens married the daughter of a wealthy New York coal merchant and settled in Hartford Connecticut where he continued to write travel accounts and lecture.In 1875 his novel Tom Sawyer was published followed by Life on the Mississippi (1883) and his masterpiece Huckleberry Finn (1885).Bad investments left Clemens bankrupt after the publication of Huckleberry Finn but he won back his financial standing with his next three books.
In 1903 he and his family moved to Italy where his wife died.Her death left him sad and bitter and his work while still humorous grew distinctly darker.He died in 1910.
