The Persian Gulf War begins
At midnight in Iraq the United Nations deadline for the Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait expires and the Pentagon prepares to commence offensive operations to forcibly eject Iraq from its five-month occupation of its oil-rich neighbor.At 430 p.m.EST the first fighter aircraft were launched from Saudi Arabia and off U.S.
and British aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf on bombing missions over Iraq.All evening aircraft from the U.S.-led military coalition pounded targets in and around Baghdad as the world watched the events transpire in television footage transmitted live via satellite from Baghdad and elsewhere.At 700 p.m.
Operation Desert Storm the code-name for the massive U.S.-led offensive against Iraq was formally announced at the White House.The operation was conducted by an international coalition under the command of U.S.General Norman Schwarzkopf and featured forces from 32 nations including Britain Egypt France Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.During the next six weeks the allied force engaged in a massive air war against Iraqs military and civil infrastructure and encountered little effective resistance from the Iraqi air force or air defenses.
Iraqi ground forces were helpless during this stage of the war and Iraqi leader Saddam Husseins only significant retaliatory measure was the launching of SCUD missile attacks against Israel and Saudi Arabia.Saddam hoped that the missile attacks would provoke Israel to enter the conflict thus dissolving Arab support of the war.At the request of the United States however Israel remained out of the war.On February 24 a massive coalition ground offensive began and Iraqs outdated and poorly supplied armed forces were rapidly overwhelmed.
Kuwait was liberated in less than four days and a majority of Iraqs armed forces surrendered retreated into Iraq or were destroyed.On February 28 President George H.W.Bush declared a cease-fire and Iraq pledged to honor future coalition and U.N.
peace terms.One hundred and twenty-five American soldiers were killed in the Persian Gulf War with another 21 regarded as missing in action.On March 20 2003 a second war between Iraq and a U.S.-led coalition began this time with the stated U.S.objective of removing Saddam Hussein from power and ostensibly finding and destroying the countrys weapons of mass destruction.
Hussein was captured by a U.S.military unit on December 13 2003.No weapons of mass destruction were found.
Although U.S.President George W.Bush declared an end to major combat operations in Iraq on May 1 2003 an insurgency has continued an intense guerrilla war in the nation that has resulted in thousands of coalition military insurgent and civilian deaths.
